Research misconduct

The concordat to support research integrity defines misconduct as:

'behaviour or actions that fall short of the standards of ethics, research and scholarship required to ensure that the integrity of research is upheld.' 

This includes fabrication, falsification, plagiarism or deception in performing or reviewing research, and in reporting research outputs.

We use the concordat’s definition of research misconduct, and we expect the organisations we fund to do the same. Read the concordat to support research integrity on the Universities UK website.

Research misconduct can include:

• omitting relevant data
• manipulating images
• misusing data by deliberately attempting to re-identify people from research data.

It does not include:

• honest differences in the design, execution or interpretation in evaluating research methods or results
• research of poor quality, unless this encompasses the intention to deceive.
   

We expect all participants involved in Wellcome funding to follow our guidelines on good research practice and other Wellcome grant funding policies, such as bullying and harassment.

Participants include:

• grantholders
• co-investigators
• sponsors and supervisors
• research staff
• students
• fieldworkers
• collaborators
• consultants
• sub-awardees
• Wellcome advisory committee members.

Wellcome requires host organisations to investigate all allegations of research misconduct involving researchers that we fund, and to have formal written procedures for handling these allegations.

It is the responsibility of the host organisation to:

1. Identify a senior member of staff to act as a first point of contact for anyone wanting to raise issues relating to research misconduct at the organisation.
2. Carry out an impartial, fair and timely investigation of all allegations of research misconduct made against its staff and students.
3. Inform Wellcome’s Director of Grants, in confidence, about any allegations of research misconduct made against employees at the organisation who are funded by Wellcome or have an application for funding under consideration. Information on the category of research misconduct and the investigation process must be provided. This should be done as soon as possible, and in any event no later than the point at which a decision is made to conduct an investigation, preliminary or otherwise. If there is a full investigation, the host organisation must tell Wellcome the name of the respondent, in confidence.
4. Keep Wellcome informed during the process of investigation of allegations of research misconduct. We may choose to send a representative to observe any formal inquiry. Investigations should conclude within one year of receiving the allegation.
5. Inform Wellcome of the outcome of the investigation as soon as it is known and provide us with the final investigation report.

The UK Research Integrity Office’s recommended procedure for investigation provides a detailed model that may be helpful to organisations in the UK and elsewhere.

If the host organisation or Wellcome determines that the allegation of research misconduct is substantiated, we will consider appropriate sanctions, including:

• letter of reprimand
• removal from the grant in question or withdrawal of current funding
• restriction from future grant applications
• requiring the withdrawal or correction of pending or published abstracts, papers or monographs produced by the research in question
• requiring the monitoring of future work
• repayment of any grant affected plus interest.

Where allegations of research misconduct are upheld, we expect organisations to implement appropriate disciplinary procedures.

If a host organisation fails to conduct a timely investigation, or to keep Wellcome appropriately informed of its actions, we may choose to apply sanctions against the organisation. This may include not accepting new grant applications or, in extreme cases, suspending funding to the organisation.

There may be instances where allegations of research misconduct are made directly to a member of our staff rather than to an individual within the host organisation.

In such instances, having discussed the circumstances with the informant, we will inform an appropriate individual at the host organisation and the organisation will then be responsible for taking suitable action in line with its formal written procedures for handling allegations.

Wellcome will not form an opinion on any allegation until an investigation has been completed and will only provide information to our staff or external advisors as necessary.

If an informant wishes to remain anonymous, this will be respected unless:

• there are overriding legal requirements that we reveal the identity of the informant
• it is impossible to maintain anonymity to conduct an investigation
• the informant subsequently agrees to relinquish anonymity.

The informant will be notified of any proposed change to their anonymity.

As stated above, it is the host organisation's responsibility to investigate allegations of research misconduct and this is our preferred course of action.

In exceptional cases, we may undertake our own investigation into alleged cases of research misconduct that concern Wellcome-funded researchers (for example, where our reputation is at risk or we are dissatisfied with the investigation undertaken by the host organisation).

Any investigations will only be undertaken following consultation with the appropriate representative(s) of the host organisation.

This policy was last updated in October 2017. The first version of this statement was published in January 2002.